In 1917, Gov. The tenant law was passed but remained on the statute books only a short time before being declared unconstitutional. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U.S. Senate by a wide margin. Ouida Ferguson Nalle, The Fergusons of Texas, or "Two Governors for the Price of One": A Biography of James Edward Ferguson and His Wife (San Antonio: Naylor, 1946). Impeached provides a new examination of the rise and fall of Ferguson's political fortunes, offering a focused look at how battles over economic class, academic freedom, women's enfranchisement, and concentrated political power came to be directed toward one . Prohibition was a major issue in the campaign of 1914, with several aspirants for the governorship on both sides of the question. Soon the talk of impeachment is echoing through the halls of the Capitol. The vote was 25-3. The charges were then sent to the state Senate for trial. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. House Speaker Franklin Fuller called a special session to consider charges of impeachment against the governor. January 1996 in Austin, Texas), first black southern woman in the United States Congress. {{start_at_rate}} {{format_dollars}} {{start_price}} {{format_cents}} {{term}}, {{promotional_format_dollars}}{{promotional_price}}{{promotional_format_cents}} {{term}}, Nebraska cheerleader competes by herself at state competition, but crowd doesn't let her feel alone, Elementary school music teacher leaves $6M to Baylor, Former NFL star Chad Johnson says he saved money by living inside Cincinnati Bengals stadium for 2 years, Mike Copeland: Steak and Ale comeback; Paper plant progress; Bagby apartments; Gaines Booked Up, Lake on Waco Creek floated for park next to Floyd Casey development, Whizzbang's owner buys Health Camp with eye to preserving burger joint legacy, Waco Charter School to close after summer classes, Sheriff names man found dead of apparent gunshot in Golinda, La Vega, Fairfield girls know the way to San Antone, clinching state trips, Brothers continue dad's clear legacy at Freddy's Glass, Brice Cherry: Collen pushes all the right buttons in her best coaching performance yet, Olympic-winning pole vaulter, pastor Bob Richards dies at 97, The GOAT of tennis families lives in Groesbeck. Sam Houston The policy of state aid to rural schools was begun, and a rather timid law requiring compulsory school attendance was passed. He decided that the university president must resign, and when Vinson refused, Ferguson vetoed the universitys entire budget. BIBLIOGRAPHY: Norman D. Brown, Hood, Bonnet, and Little Brown Jug: Texas Politics, 1921-1928 (College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1984). Before the process could be completed, Ferguson resigned from office, contending that the legislative action against him was a kangaroo court. The Texas Supreme Court disagreed, so he had his wife run in his place. When they wouldnt, he started replacing them one by one and withheld state funding from the university to force UT to obey his orders. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. Advocates are pushing for legislation to help them. If Hall is impeached, he would bethe third person in Texas history to be in that situation. Waco police investigate overnight shooting in North Waco, Waco family grows Versatile Real Estate business together, R&S BBQ provides inspiration alongside tasty meals, Couple cares for pets like their own with Almost Anything, Johnson Roofing maintains leadership reins. The Fergusons beat Robertson and went to the Governor's Mansion for a third time. When James Ferguson failed to get his name on the ballot in 1924, Miriam entered the race for the Texas governorship. Within the Cite this article tool, pick a style to see how all available information looks when formatted according to that style. Throughout his years in banking he took an active interest in county and local politics. Interns wanted: Get paid to help ensure that every voter has unbiased election information. Partly cloudy skies early will give way to cloudy skies late. Ballotpedia's election legislation tracker, Political favoritism in admissions to the University of Texas, Forgivable loans program at the University of Texas Law School, House Select Committee on Transparency in State Agency Operations (TSAO), Joint Committee on Oversight of Higher Ed Governance, Excellence & Transparency, University of Texas System Board of Regents, 1987 Memorandum within the Texas Legislative Council regarding removal of state officers by the state legislature, Analysis of Constitutional Impeachment Procedures in Texas, Texas House Bill 588, the "Top 10% Rule" (1997), https://ballotpedia.org/wiki/index.php?title=Impeachments_in_Texas&oldid=8020920, Conflicts in school board elections, 2021-2022, Special Congressional elections (2023-2024), 2022 Congressional Competitiveness Report, State Executive Competitiveness Report, 2022, State Legislative Competitiveness Report, 2022, Partisanship in 2022 United States local elections. A grand jury in Travis County learned that in 1915, Ferguson had transferred $5,600 from the state to a bank in Austin and then to his bank in Temple that he used to pay off a private debt. Why was Governor James E. Ferguson impeached and convicted in 1917? How to run for office | Ferguson declared that the Legislature was nothing more than a kangaroo court," resigned a day before the official conviction, and was steadfast in his beliefs that the judgment didnt apply to him, according to Rutherford. He lost the 1922 Democratic Primary race for U. S. Senate by a wide margin. In 1917, barely into his second term as governor of Texas, James E. Ferguson was impeached, convicted, and removed from office. James Edward Ferguson Collection, Barker Texas History Center, University of Texas at Austin. After a trial, the Senate voted him out of office by a vote of 25-3 and banned him from holding any state office. Ferguson declared that the legislature constituted little more than a "kangaroo court," but only a few Similarly, the Texas constitution gives the lower house of the legislature power to impeach judges, the governor, and statewide elected officials. A powerful governor clashes with the University of Texas at Austin. In 1917, Gov. Angry that two professors had openly criticized his administration, Ferguson demanded that the board of regents fire them. Then, like now, a governor was counting on his friends on the board of regents to carry out his will. Proclamation of the speaker following the submission of a written petition signed by at least 50 members of the House. This might sound like the controversy involving UT System Regent Wallace Hall, an appointee of Gov. Hall updated Governor Rick Perry's office in April 2013 with the full list. [9] According to his accusers, Hall filed requests of more than 800,000 pages, which some Texas administrators called an unnecessary burden. Ma Ferguson was elected as Govenor or Texas in 1925 and in 1933. [9] According to historian Dan Utley, Ferguson planned to use state appointments as part of a spoils system to reward his political supporters. She was reelected in 1932 and served January 17, 1933 January 15, 1935. The [Texas House of Representatives] immediately turned its attention to the numerous charges against [Governor James Ferguson] and, after a lengthy investigation, prepared twenty-one articles of impeachment. The Ferguson controversy with the university brought renewed interest in the old charges, however, and at about the same time a number of new charges were made. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky concludes with an assessment of the historical memory of Fergusons impeachment throughout the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. As much as one might appreciate Fergusons homey aphorisms, a word hed likely have found objectionable because of its academic taint his style loses its charm when you learn all that was revealed at his impeachment. Ferguson would often call into question the value of a college diploma, saying it was book learning gone to seed. He said some professors took three years to learn that you couldnt grow wool on an armadillo. His constituency, he claimed, resided where the creeks forked and he felt they were getting short-changed by not getting enough basic education, while the kids at UT were getting too much of it., He said those kids go up to Austin for four years and return home with nothing but a mandolin and liver damage. As my brother Redneck Dave would say, That right there is funny. He was reelected in 1916 but the following year was impeached on grounds of misusing public funds and removed from office. Farmer Jim wasnt even much of a farmer, though he owned a few farms and was incredibly loyal to farmers. In 1924, Ferguson entered his wife Miriam, known as "Ma", in the Democratic gubernatorial primary. resigning his office and being barred by the legislature to ever serve a state office again. You can cancel at any time. With charges growing against Ferguson, the House of Representatives drew up 21 charges against him and voted to impeach. He was by this time an old man. In 1930 he conducted the unsuccessful campaign of his wife for the governorship, and in 1932 he conducted her successful campaign for the same office. In 1924, his wife, Miriam Ma Ferguson won election as governor as a stand-in candidate in a tightly contested race. Jordan wa, Houston, Sam The controversy grew out of the refusal of the board of regents to remove certain faculty members whom the governor found objectionable. The first had to do with his abuse of power while attempting to micromanage the University of Texas. It appears that there were no criminal proceedings in this case. The legality of the speaker calling a session was questionable the Texas Constitution says only the governor can call a special session but the point became moot when Ferguson called his own special session to discuss the budget for the University of Texas. Join us! And this current flap is far from over. Amplify your impact and donate now. The Fergusons retired from public life afterward with James Ferguson dying in 1944 and his wife passing away in 1961. The colleges were permitted to begin building programs, and the educational appropriation bills were more generous than usual. Ballot measures, Who represents me? [8], Prior to his inauguration, Ferguson conferred with officials at the University of Texas regarding appointments affecting learning and higher education. He tapped Reverend Allan Ferguson Cunningham to serve as State Librarian, despite his lack of training or experience in the field. James E. Ferguson", Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature 18462006, "Governor Ferguson Is Impeached By The Senate Saturday, By 27 to 4: 10 of 21 Charges Sustained By High Impeachment Court", "Presiding Officers of the Texas Legislature, 18462010", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_E._Ferguson&oldid=1136223529, Candidates in the 1920 United States presidential election, Impeached state and territorial governors of the United States removed from office, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles needing additional references, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 29 January 2023, at 09:22. As a result of his actions, in 1917, Ferguson became the only Texas governor impeached and removed from office. The Legislature is aghast at the meddling with the flagship state university. Dictionary of American History. Governor and President Pro Tempore have not acted, then by proclamation of a signed majority of the members of the Senate. "Ma" Ferguson became the second female governor in the United States, with Nellie Tayloe Ross of Wyoming being the first. After all, he was known as Farmer Jim. The Legislature cannot call itself into special session. When his reasoning was questioned, he would respond, I am governor of Texas. And she won. Johnson Roofing built a business on topping off buildings, but when it comes to its legacy, Bill Johnson and daughter Sherri focus on the foundation. He only made the ballot in Texas, winning just under 10% of the vote. The charges of impeachment grew from a controvesy with the University of Texas administration, and resulted in Ferguson being charged with misapplication of public funds among nine other charges. Norman Kittrell, Governors Who Have Been and Other Public Men of Texas (Houston: Dealy-Adey-Elgin, 1921). Your donation keeps our trusted reporting free and accessible for all Texans and during a legislative session when lawmakers are set to tackle issues from school choice for K-12 students to school safety improvements to changes in property taxes, its critical that Texans know what lawmakers decisions mean for their futures. Ferguson was indicted on nine charges which included misapplication of public funds, embezzlement and the diversion of a special fund. Of course, her husband was the only one the amnesty applied to. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. In 1917, James E. Ferguson, nicknamed "Pa Ferguson," was impeached and removed from the governorship of Texas. 4. There are 150 members of the Texas State House. The Senate removed Ferguson from office by a vote of 25-3. In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. The fact is that he had parked state funds in his bank for personal gain and he had run his bank as a one-man Ponzi scheme. The House sent 21 articles of impeachment to the Senate. Although he had never held office, he was not a stranger to political problems; he had done much work in keeping local-option prohibition from Bell County, had been one of the Bell County managers in the campaign of Robert L. Henry for Congress in 1902, had helped carry Bell County for Cone Johnson in his contest with Joseph Weldon Bailey in 1908, had served as a campaign manager for Robert V. Davidson in 1910, and had aided Oscar B. Colquitt in his successful gubernatorial campaign (1912). A part of his appeal as a candidate for governor was his support for white supremacy in the political process. The convention did not endorse Ferguson, but the other anti-prohibition candidates withdrew from the race. The second had to do with his utilization of the Temple Bank he had controlling interest in as his personal slush fund. He entered Salado College, a local preparatory school, at age twelve but was eventually expelled for disobedience. He was a popular figure, signing laws protecting sharecroppers and providing state funding for rural schools. 2020 Census Making An Invisible Population Visible, Lyceum Poll Finds Bernie Sanders Most Likely Democrat To Beat Trump In Texas, One Texans Journey to Understanding His Identity as a Queer Muslim, In West Texas, Knowing Your Address Can Be The Difference Between Life And Death. The anti-prohibitionists attempted to have a similar convention, but Ferguson, whose statements and Bell County record identified him as an anti-prohibitionist, refused to submit his name to it. Thats how she likes it. Federal courts | In retaliation, Ferguson vetoed the entire appropriation for the university. At 16, he left home and drifted through the states of the American West, working successively in a vineyard, a mine, a barbed wire factory, and at a grain ranch. Sign up for our newsletter to keep reading. Legislators have accused Hall of abusing his power and targeting University of Texas, Austin President Bill Powers, while Hall maintains he was acting as a responsible regent investigating situations of clout and accountability problems within the University of Texas system. The question was eventually carried into the courts, where the judgment of the Court of Impeachment was sustained. No. Click here to contact us for media inquiries, and please donate here to support our continued expansion. I dont care who you are.. Almost a century later, the Ferguson impeachment presents both striking similarities and key differences to. The letter claimed that Winkler was the best person for the job. His wife was defeated for re-election in 1926, following questions of improper use of her pardoning power. Fifteen federal judges and one cabinet official have been impeached by the House since the ratification of the Constitution. Dictionary of American History. Ferguson convinced his wife to run one more time in 1940. While the campaign of 1916 was in progress, the Ferguson administration had been charged with a number of irregularities. So, he quit ahead of time so he could then turn aroundand he was counting on coming right back and getting reelected. Jessica Brannon-Wranosky is the Distinguished Professor of Digital Humanities and History at Texas A&M UniversityCommerce. He became a lawyer in 1897, married Miriam A. Wallace in 1899, and expanded into real estate, insurance, and banking. The issues were prohibition, the tax rate, and certain unpalatable rumors concerning the Ferguson administration. As a result it was impossible for the convention to eliminate him and obviously unwise to divide the vote by naming a rival candidate. KVUE is looking back at the history of some past Texas governors. Texas History Minute: Jim Ferguson only Texas governor to be impeached, removed By Ken Bridges Jan 30, 2020 0 1 of 2 Gov. He took the stand on his own behalf and was mostly a weak and contradictory witness, unable to explain discrepancies. As Hamilton wrote in the Federalist Papers, a core source of original meaning, the framers "borrowed" the model from the English.And, as Raskin pointed . The fight with the university touched off a massive scandal. Both women followed husbands who had served earlier. Seven of the charges related to misapplication of public funds, one to embezzlement, and one to the diversion of a special fund. An argument over spending tax dollars, an attempt to silence political opponents, and charges of a kangaroo court. This is not a current story but a faint echo of a notorious event in Texas History, the impeachment of Gov. Sam Houston's life was, Ann Willis Richards (born 1933) was elected Democratic governor of Texas in 1990, the second woman ever to hold that position in the state's history., American politician Nellie Tayloe Ross (1876-1977) gained fame in the 1920s when she was elected governor of Wyoming, becoming the first woman in the, Barbara Jordan (american Congressional Representative), Jordan, Barbara Charline There are 31 members of the Texas State Senate. He had been accused of misappropriating funds, but investigations failed to find anything that would warrant impeachment, and the probe seemed to be closed. In his eyes, the university was made up of corruptionists, draft dodgers, two-bit thieves and butterfly chasers, according to a historical account compiled by what is now the Texas Exes. Ferguson was reelected by a majority of about 60,000 votes, but opposition was sufficient to show that many Texans, including a number who were not prohibitionists, were displeased with his stewardship. The framers considered impeachment an important check on the power of the presidency and against corruption. He started his own newspaper that fall, Ferguson Forum, to promote his views that the impeachment was illegitimate. "[3] In general, impeachments are a rare occurrence. Ferguson was first elected in 1914, and was reelected in 1916. In 1922 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the United States Senate. The Constitution gives the House power to impeach the president, officials appointed by the president (including cabinet officers) and judges. [7], If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate is required to sit as a court of impeachment. by Nicole Shealy . Sam Houston was the first president of the Independent Republic of Texas , and he later served as governor of the state of T, Connally, John Bowden, Jr. . Eight federal judges have been convicted in the Senate and removed from office. He is the author, coauthor, or editor of more than two dozen books, most recently Anti-Black Violence in Twentieth-Century Texas. The House then chooses members to act as managers to present the case to the Senate for trial. But the mere fact that Ferguson had been impeached and made ineligible to hold any office of trust or profit under the state did not in any sense remove him from the field of Texas politics. Senators will then act as jurors while the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court presides over the proceedings. He was replaced by William P. Hobby after the Texas House of Representatives found him guilty in ten of twenty-one charges. At the same time, officials had begun looking into Fergusons finances. In order for an official to be impeached, articles of impeachment must be brought by the Texas House of Representatives. Ma placed a distant fifth. He had been an opponent of Ferguson for the Democratic party's nomination for governor in 1914.[11]. He often said, civilization begins and ends with the plow. Ferguson was a mesmerizing speaker and storyteller and was splendidly fluent in the dialects of rural Texas. The Senate can call witnesses to testify and vote to convict with a two-thirds majority vote. The Senate, acting as a court of impeachment, spent three weeks considering the charges and convicted the governor of 10 of them. If the House adopts articles of impeachment, the Texas State Senate must then sit as the court of impeachment. She won that and the general election,[2] saying that she intended to rely on her husband for advice. 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