To counteract this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable structure such as a structural steel. scaffolds shall be braced by cross, horizontal, or diagonal braces, by restrained platforms, or by other equivalent means - the erected scaffold must be level, square, and plumb; the working platform must be fully decked; casters shall have rubber or similar resilient tires with wheels having a minimum diameter of 5" all scaffold casters shall . Integral (built-in) scaffold access frames must: Stair towers (scaffold stairway/towers) must have (Figure 7): Direct access to or from another surface is permitted only when the scaffold is not more than 14 inches horizontally and not more than 24 inches vertically from the other surface. We need to follow scaffolding safety procedures. Warped. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. Before beginning dismantling procedures, reconstruct and/or stabilize the scaffold as necessary. OSHA has standards that apply specifically to the steps that must be taken to assure a stable scaffold base. B. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. General Guidelines. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. Note: Except where . A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. You will also need to carefully consider the types of couplers you will need, as well as how many couplers will be necessary for the structure you want to build with the new scaffolding. Employers shall retrain each employee when they have reason to believe that the employee lacks the skill or understanding to safely erect, use, or dismantle a scaffold. As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. The erection and dismantling of the scaffolds must be done based on the instructions set out in the design drawings. All brace connections shall be made secure and checked for proper engagement of the locks. Cross-braces of the proper length must be used to ensure that the scaffold will remain plumb and rigid. [, Have minimum rung length of 11 inches. Scaffolds are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty and must be able to support the correlating weight of workers and materials required for each type. Supported scaffolds are scaffolds supported from the ground by rigid elements such as outrigger beams, poles, legs, base plates, sills and posts. and that cross braces are of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. Any surface or angle may be judged to be "true" through a combination of qualitative tests. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. Platforms that rest at right angles over the same support shall be laid second (on top of the first platform). The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. He fell, sustaining a concussion for which he was hospitalized. Follow all state, local and federal codes, ordinance and regulations pertaining to scaffolding. All brace connections shall be made secure. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Several days later, a crew of seven workers was instructed to replace the scaffold and finish painting the sign. Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Design features include a rest platform every 35 feet, rungs at least 11 1/2 inches wide (8 inches for ladders built into the frame), and uniform rung spacing not exceeding 16 3/4 inches. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. Keep the scaffold level, plumb, and square. 6. For example, a . Employees must not work on platforms covered with snow, ice or other slippery material. [. [, Scaffolds over 125 feet (38.0m) in height above their base plates shall be designed by a registered professional engineer, and shall be constructed and loaded in accordance with such design. [, On scaffolds where platforms are abutted to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface (this does not preclude the use of shared support members such as "T" sections, hook-on platforms that rest on common supports, etc.). the diagonal brace to keep the scaffolding square. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. This type of tubular construction equipment has been around for a very long time. . (True or False) _____ 3. Legs, posts, frames, poles, and uprights must be on base plates and mud sills, or a firm foundation and, be plum b and braced. They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. Tip: Because it may be difficult to determine if a power line is insulated, or what its exact voltage is, the 10 foot rule should always be applied. [, On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap may only occur over supports, and may not be less than 12 inches, unless the platforms are restrained (i.e., nailed together) to prevent movement. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Standards are vertical pipes that are connected with clamps or couplers to give the structure its height; ledgers are horizontal braces that steady the structure and give it width. Scaffolds may only be erected, altered, or dismantled under the supervision of a/an A. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. The Scaffold cross braces should never be used as a means of access. Verifies trueness of structure with plumb bob and carpenter's level. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. building materials, paint roller extensions, scaffold components) that may be handled on them, come closer than 10 feet to the power line. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Suspension scaffold rigging must at least 6 times the intended load. If solid sawn wood is used, it must be scaffold grade. (Figure 4) [, Scaffolds shall be altered only under the supervision and direction of a competent person. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Requirements to prevent falls that apply only to these workers are addressed separately below. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). (Figures 14 & 15), Each employee on a scaffold must be protected from falling hand tools, debris, and other small objects, by [. [, OSHA standards specifically forbid climbing cross-braces as a means of access. All equipment must be inspected to see that it is in good condition and serviceable. Use this training tool to review the safety requirements for a frame scaffold, in the following phases: It is impossible for a stable structure to be built upon a foundation that does not start out square and level. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . . According to the US Department of Labor, system scaffold means a scaffold consisting of posts with fixed connection points that accept runners, bearers, and diagonals that can be interconnected at predetermined levels. [, Nothing that could cause a slip, trip or fall (i.e. Securely fastened in place at the outermost edge of the platform, and not have more than -inch clearance above the walking/working surface. Maintaining a scaffold or tower scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure is intended to last for a long time. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. Plumb and level all scaffolds as erection proceeds. Fasten all couplers and/or connections securely before assembling the next level. Scaffolding shall be designed by a qualified and competent . Scaffolding means a convenient platform for persons to work at height. Top rails must be capable of supporting at least 200 pounds applied in a downward or outward direction. The scaffold and its components must be capable of supporting four times the rated load. Because the frames are stacked, the cross braces have to keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. [, All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. 1. The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. Greater variations in riser height are allowed for the top and bottom steps of the entire system (not for each flight of stairs). Has a platform that is at least 500mm wide. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. All brace connections must be secured to prevent dislodging. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. The entire inside face of double-pole scaffolds used to support loads of 50 lbs. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. Learn how your comment data is processed. If uplift could cause the components to separate, locking pins must be used and the components secured. [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. Personal Fall Arrest System. Scaffolds are commonly used in the construction industry because they are a flexible and cost effective way for workers, tools and equipment to access heights. (F) Tubular welded frame scaffolds. Tube and coupler scaffolds over 125 feet in height must be designed by a registered professional engineer. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Ladders that are a part of the scaffolding system, such as hook-on and attachable ladders, shall be positioned so that the bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the supporting level. shall be of such length as will automatically square and align vertical members so that the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. Canopy structures made of solid materials. Hook-on and attachable ladder rungs must: Be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level. Platforms and walkways, in general, must be at least 18 inches wide. [. By far, the most forgotten term of a door installation. Midrails must be installed at a height approximately midway between the toprail and the platform surface. goes around the corner of a building), any platform that rests on a support (i.e. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. The correct procedures for dealing with those hazards. (, Midrails, screens, mesh, intermediate vertical members, solid panels, etc., must be able to withstand a force of at least 150 pounds applied in any downward or horizontal direction, at any point along the midrail or other member. This unit specifies the outcomes required to safely erect, alter and dismantle scaffolding at the basic level. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). NOTE: Except where indicated, the same basic scaffold requirements that appear in this module also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds, as well as the specialty scaffolds described in Supported Scaffolds. The frames must be plumb and level and spaced to adequately support the loads. When platform units are abutted together to create a long platform, each abutted end must rest on a separate support surface. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. Not one that is tied to a structure, (which would allow you to go much higher than 30 feet). Tip: Separation of frames can occur in high winds (uplift), or when workers climb endframes, overload the platform, or strike the scaffold with tools, materials, etc. To ensure the scaffold is "square", use a tape measure and measure the distance between opposite corners. 1926.454 Scaffold Guardrail Systems - Standard rails are required on all scaffold towers. Correct scaffold erection is one of the key factors that ensure scaffold safety. The height of the scaffold in relation to the minimum base width, wind loads, the use of brackets or cantilevered platforms, and When a supported scaffold reaches a height that is more than four times its minimum base dimension (4:1), it must be restrained by guys, ties, or braces to prevent it from tipping. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. 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