is the taiwan relations act still in effectis the taiwan relations act still in effect

A small number support immediate independence, according to opinion polls conducted by National Chengchi University. New Delhi has distanced itself from a controversial and unequal deal between Adani Power and the Bangladesh Power Development Board. U.S. diplomats and representatives finessed language to avoid endorsing the PRCs view. Thats because China hasnt ruled out using force to achieve Taiwans reunification and the United States hasnt ruled out defending Taiwan if China attacks. Taiwans KMT-drafted constitution continues to recognize China, Mongolia, Taiwan, Tibet, and the South China Sea as part of the ROC. Tsai has refused to accept a formula that her predecessor, Ma Ying-jeou, endorsed to allow for increased cross-strait ties. No. by Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli The New York Times investigates increasing Taiwanese pride. U.S. intelligence shows that China's President Xi Jinping has instructed his country's military to be ready by 2027" to invade Taiwan though he may be currently harboring doubts about his ability to do so given Russia's experience in its war with Ukraine, CIA Director William Burns said. Military conflicts continued to flare up, with the PRC shelling several outlying islands controlled by the ROC on two separate occasions. Advertisement Over the past 20 years, the TRA has allowed the United States to preserve Cross-strait tensions have escalated since the election of Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in 2016. However, any such agreement the immediate public disclosure of which would, in the opinion of the President, be prejudicial to the national security of the United States shall not be so transmitted to the Congress but shall be transmitted to the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives under an appropriate injunction of secrecy to be removed only upon due notice from the President. Chinas position paper wont contribute to peace in Ukraine, but it does offer useful insights into how Beijing conceives of its global role. Apparently, the Taiwan Policy Act will move Taiwan closer to the U.S., urging the island to become more dependent on the U.S. for political and military order, and hereafter receive a measure of protection for the military assistance, property, and promise from Washington. Beijing asserts that there is only one China and that Taiwan is part of it. The goal is to preserve the status quo and to avoid a war in Asia and it has worked, allowing Washington to walk the tightrope of relations with both sides. But President Joe Biden has seemingly rejected the policy, stating several times that the United States would come to Taiwans defense if China attacked. Biden was the first U.S. president to invite Taiwanese representatives to attend the presidential inauguration. Only about 3 percent considered themselves only Chinese, a figure that has decreased since 1994, when 26 percent identified that way. However, in the aftermath of the Sino-Soviet split, the United States sought to normalize relations with the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). One year in, however, they have managed this problem with surprising success. It was also used as a way to suppress the political opposition and was not repealed until 38 years later in 1987. Some analysts fear the United States and China could go to war over Taiwan. Taiwan has been governed independently of China since 1949, but Beijing views the island as part of its territory. Any agency of the United States Government employing alien personnel on Taiwan may transfer such personnel, with accrued allowances, benefits, and rights, to the Institute without a break in service for purposes of retirement and other benefits, including continued participation in any system established by the laws of the United States for the retirement of employees in which the alien was participating prior to the transfer to the Institute, except that employment with the Institute shall be creditable for retirement purposes only to the extent that employee deductions and employer contributions.. as required, in payment for such participation for the period of employment with the Institute, are currently deposited in the system s fund or depository. Efforts began under the Nixon administration in the 1970s and spanned three separate presidencies. WebShortly after the United States' recognition of the People's Republic of China, the U.S. Congress passed the Taiwan Relations Act. Work on the long-planned Muse-Kyaukphyu line is once again inching forward, but construction is likely many years off. January 31, 2022, How Tobacco Laws Could Help Close the Racial Gap on Cancer, Interactive Until March 16, 2018, informal relations between the two states were governed by the U.S. Taiwan Relations Act (TRA), which allows the United States to have relations with the "people on Taiwan" and their government, whose name is not specified. The TRA serves as one of the defining documents authorizing U.S. Both proclaimed themselves the sole rightful government of the entire Chinese territory. Taiwan has traditionally relied upon U.S. security support in its defense against Communist China. Ukraine at One Year: Has China Supported Russia? How have U.S. administrations approached Taiwan. April 10, 2019 marks the 40th anniversary of the United States Taiwan Relations Act (TRA). Such committees shall report, as appropriate, to their respective Houses on the results of their monitoring. Nonetheless, if the commitment is too weak, Beijing may not be deterred from adopting unilateral military movement against the Taiwan issue. Upon the granting by Taiwan of comparable privileges and immunities with respect to the Institute and its appropriate personnel, the President is authorized to extend with respect to the Taiwan instrumentality and its appropriate; personnel, such privileges and immunities (subject to appropriate conditions and obligations) as may be necessary for the effective performance of their functions. Other experts have disagreed with this position. the term laws of the United States includes any statute, rule, regulation, ordinance, order, or judicial rule of decision of the United States or any political subdivision thereof; and. This series is made possible by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation of New York. WebThe United States has not agreed to revise the Taiwan Relations Act. Such a conflict has the potential to lead to a U.S.-China confrontation. CNN Sans & 2016 Cable News Network. For purposes of the Immigration and Nationality Act, Taiwan may be treated in the manner specified in the first sentence of section 202(b) of that Act. It is based on several documents, such as three U.S.-China communiqus reached in 1972, 1978, and 1982; the Taiwan Relations Act, passed by the U.S. Congress in 1979; and the recently declassified Six Assurances [PDF], which President Ronald Reagan conveyed to Taiwan in 1982. Gen. Li Shangfu, with deep ties to Chinas military space enterprises, is widely expected to become Chinas next minister of defense. The key is for the executive branch to continue its support through the Six Assurances and the Taiwan Relations Act. by Lindsay Maizland For the PRC, as Chinese President Xi Jinping has stated, the 1992 Consensus reflects an agreement that the two sides of the strait belong to one China and would work together to seek national reunification. For the KMT, it means one China, different interpretations, with the ROC standing as the one China.. It holds observer or other status on several other bodies. Facing imminent threats from Beijing, Taipei has expected more security assistance from Washington. US President Joe Bidens warning the US would defend Taiwan against Chinese aggression has made headlines around the world and put growing tensions between the small democratic island and its neighboring autocratic superpower back under the spotlight. WebCongress in the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) of April 1979 authorized continued arms sales to Taiwan and stated at least a U.S. political commitment to the islands security, if not a legal one. The Senate tried to rename the Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office to Taiwan Representative Office, which attempted to boost engagement with Taiwan from all angles and push back against Beijings growing diplomatic and economic coercions. Taiwan also is not part of the Biden administrations Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. In a 2019 defense white paper, the PLA said it would resolutely defeat anyone attempting to separate Taiwan from China.. WebEven after the tremendous changes last year in Taiwan, we still advocate this principle, and hope to try our best to seek a peaceful solution to the Taiwan question. China rejects Taiwans participation as a member in UN agencies and other international organizations that limit membership to states. White House officials have walked back his comments, saying the policy has not changed, but ultimately, the president gets to decide how to respond. If the White House goes too far from current U.S.-China-Taiwan relations and overthrows its common-sense guardrails, the status quo among the three parties across the Taiwan Strait may face unprecedented challenges. China and Taiwan resumed direct sea, air, and mail links that had been banned for decades. Nothing contained in this Act shall contravene the interest of the United States in human rights, especially with respect to the human rights of all the approximately eighteen million inhabitants of Taiwan. Since then, it has peacefully transferred power between parties several times. Sorry, we couldn't find what you're looking for. Since the formal recognition of the People's Republic of China, the Act has defined the officially substantial but non-diplomatic relations between the US and Taiwan. Beijing claims that Taiwan is bound by an understanding known as the 1992 Consensus, which was reached between representatives of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the Kuomintang (KMT) party that then ruled Taiwan. From this point of view, the TRA is extremely important in creating legal authority for establishing the institutions necessary to continue substantive relations with by Diana Roy 14, enacted April 10, 1979) is an act of the United States Congress. The continuous verbal deterrence and the security commitment have been carefully handled by well-organized strategic plans under Bidens administration and his diplomatic teams. The Biden administration has taken a similar approach, continuing arms sales and affirming the Trump administrations decision to allow U.S. officials to meet more freely with Taiwanese officials. To that end, China has increased the frequency and scale of patrols of PLA bombers, fighter jets, and surveillance aircraft over and around Taiwan. Despite Chinese threats, Taiwan appears to have so far bucked the trend of backsliding afflicting democracies around the world. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of American Democracy, Webinar Heres How. However, the circumstances could be changing. Beijing has pressured countries not to sign free trade agreements with Taiwan. Taiwan's President says the threat from China is increasing 'every day' and confirms presence of US military trainers on the island, In interview with CNN last year, President Tsai said the threat from Beijing was growing every day.. If any provision of this Act or the application thereof to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the Act and the application of such provision to any other person or circumstance shall not be affected thereby. As expected, Beijing has reacted angrily to his remarks, expressing its strong dissatisfaction and firm opposition and accusing the US of playing with fire.. Taipei expects more security assistance from Washington. In terms of strengthening the U.S.-Taiwan defense partnership, supporters of the 2022 Taiwan Policy Act mention that in order to effectively deter future wars of aggression that China may launch against Taiwan, it is necessary to enhance Taiwans asymmetric combat capabilities. The expectations from the following or secondary states that the central power will wield substantial power generally increase the incentives for potential actors to quickly join any winning coalition. Companies in Taiwan were responsible for more than 60 percent of revenue generated by the worlds semiconductor contract manufacturers in 2020. any agreement entered into between the Institute and an agency of the United States Government. Report, Trans-Pacific It will not be attempted.. Such action shall not, however, relieve the Institute of the responsibilities placed upon it by this Act.. It says it does not support Taiwanese independence. November 4, 2022 In the immediate aftermath of the Chinese Civil War, President Harry Truman declared that Washington had no intention of becoming involved in any cross-strait scenario. by Richard Haass by Lindsay Maizland Employees of the Institute shall not be employees of the United States and, in representing the Institute, shall be exempt from section 207 of title 18, United States Code. In recent months, Chinas tacit support for Russias invasion of Ukraine has only fueled speculations over Beijings intentions with Taiwan, raising questions about how the world might react should China launch an attack. Besides, a central power at the top of the hierarchy could maintain the order and minimize conflicts between the lesser powers, and a hierarchical order is regarded as a stable political structure. The efforts of U.S. military support will positively help Taiwan improve its resilience capabilities for asymmetric warfare. It views the PRC as the only legitimate government of China, an approach it calls the One-China principle, and seeks Taiwans eventual unification with the mainland. This Brookings Institution event discusses Taiwans economy during a time of global uncertainty. Tensions are running especially high as the Chinese military ramps up its pressure on the island, in response to what Beijing sees as provocations by the administrations in Taiwan and the US. However, the security commitment from Washington has become a double-edged sword. Others believe 2049 is a critical date; Xi has emphasized that unification with Taiwan is essential to achieving what he calls the Chinese Dream, which sees Chinas great-power status restored by 2049. The 1979 Taiwan Relations Act does not require the United States to defend Taiwan but ambiguously states Washington will maintain the capacity to do so. Its objective is to wear down Taiwan and prompt the islands people to conclude that their best option is unification with the mainland. February 13, 2023, Article But on the other hand, Beijing could also conclude that any attempt to take the island by force will only get harder the longer they wait, as Taiwan may get more serious about its defense and the US and its allies may get more serious about preparing with Taiwan for that fight, wrote Bill Bishop, an expert on Chinese politics and author of the Sinocism newsletter. Burns, in a television interview that aired Sunday, The city-state's economic mandarins are signaling a return to normalcy after the waning of the COVID-19 pandemic. In what is known as the One China policy, Washington recognizes the PRC as the sole legitimate government of China; it also acknowledges Beijings position that Taiwan is part of China, but has never accepted the CCPs claim of sovereignty over the island. the term Taiwan includes, as the context may require, the islands of Taiwan and the Pescadores, the people on those islands, corporations and other entities and associations created or organized under the laws applied on those islands, and the governing authorities on Taiwan recognized by the United States as the Republic of China prior to January 1, 1979, and any successor governing authorities (including political subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities thereof). Through its policy of strategic ambiguity, the United States has for decades attempted to maintain a delicate balance between supporting Taiwan and preventing a war with China. Besides being the right thing to do, apologies bring diplomatic and political gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities. (China is included in the RCEP but not in the CPTPP.) To Compete With China, the United States Needs to Fix Immigration, What Chinas Surveillance Balloon Says About U.S.-China Relations, Cross-Straits Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement, influence Taiwans semiconductor industry. It restricted tourism to Taiwan, and the number of mainland tourists visiting Taiwan fell from a high of over 4 million in 2015 to 2.7 million in 2019. Part of this expanded military budget will go toward acquiring cruise missiles, naval mines, and advanced surveillance systems to defend Taiwans coasts. Whenever the President or any agency of the United States Government is authorized or required by or pursuant to the laws of the United States to enter into, perform, enforce, or have in force an agreement or transaction relative to Taiwan, such agreement or transaction shall be entered into, performed, and enforced, in the manner and to the extent directed by the President, by or through the Institute. As we look closely at the changes in the bill passed on the Senate floor, it is easy to identify the check and balance between the executive and legislative branches of the United States. No requirement, whether expressed or implied, under the laws of the United States with respect to maintenance of diplomatic relations or recognition shall be applicable with respect to Taiwan. He reiterated again that such strategic commitment would not be operative if Taiwan provokes a unilateral crisis by making its own decision on independence. Although some provisions have been revised after several rounds of discussions, U.S.-Taiwan relations are about to reach a new milestone, helping Taiwan again grab international attention. But under Biden, that strategic ambiguity has become somewhat less ambiguous. Most people in Taiwan support maintaining the status quo. Even though the U.S. decided to shift its formal diplomatic recognition from the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan to the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in 1979, Washington still maintains close military ties with Taiwan. For Foreign Affairs, Sacks unpacks what China is learning from Russias war in Ukraine. The U.S. approach is governed by its One-China policy [PDF]. A curation of original analyses, data visualizations, and commentaries, examining the debates and efforts to improve health worldwide. Taiwans economy remains reliant on trade with China, which is the islands largest trading partner. And Taiwan has the potential to be a flash point in U.S.-China relations. Its methods include spreading disinformation on social media and increasing its control over Taiwanese media outlets. Therefore, a trustworthy and valuable commitment from the central power and tight concentration of power in positions of leadership encourages the strategy of band-wagoning. These documents lay out that the United States: The United States chief goal is to maintain peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait, and it has implored both Beijing and Taipei to maintain the status quo. Updated 1:11 AM EDT, Wed May 25, 2022, Here's how Taiwan has made the US-China relationship more complicated, President Joe Biden speaks during a news conference with Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida at Akasaka Palace, Monday, May 23, 2022, in Tokyo. Us, Write In recent years, Taiwan has downplayed its territorial claims over mainland China, and is today a vibrant democracy, with its own military, currency, constitution and elected government. Any agency of the United States Government making funds available to the Institute in accordance with this Act shall make arrangements with the Institute for the Comptroller General of the United States to have access to the; books and records of the Institute and the opportunity to audit the operations of the Institute. The Secretary of State shall transmit to the Congress the text of any agreement to which the Institute is a party. Did you encounter any technical issues? This has infuriated Beijing, spurring it to unleash more pressure on Taiwan and sending cross-strait relations on a downward spiral. On Monday, Biden also echoed such assessment. appreciated. An officer or employee entitled to reemployment or reinstatement rights under paragraph (2) of this subsection shall, while continuously employed by the Institute with no break in continuity of service, continue to participate in any benefit program in which such officer or employee was participating prior to employment by the Institute, including programs for compensation for job-related death, injury, or illness; programs for health and life insurance; programs for annual, sick, and other statutory leave; and programs for retirement under any system established by the laws of the United States; except that employment with the Institute shall be the basis for participation in such programs only to the extent that employee deductions and employer contributions, as required, in payment for such participation for the period of employment with the Institute, are currently deposited in the programs or systems fund or depository. WebWhile Taiwan was still under Japanese rule, continued to be in effect after the central government relocated to Taiwan. U.S. Finally Recognizes Taiwan as a Sovereign Country Breaking down Trumps last-ditch attempt to cement his legacy on US-China relations. Since 1979, the One China policy has been a foundation to diplomatic relations between the United States and Beijing. PBS is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization. In addition to the tactics described above, China has ramped up interference in Taiwans elections. A shift in U.S. thinking, however, came with the Korean War and the assessment that belligerent moves by communist forces, including against Taiwan, threatened U.S. security interests in the Pacific. Beijing has also pushed for Taiwans exclusion from multilateral trading blocs, including the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP). The United States will not exert pressure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with the PRC. Funding for FRONTLINE is provided through the support of PBS viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting. The final version of bill was adjusted to remove the renaming gesture, reflecting the Biden administrations efforts to prevent giving the ammunition to Beijings assertion that the U.S. is moving away from its One China policy. Governments most directly affected by Russias war on Ukraine all worry about sustaining domestic support for their policies. After aggressive military displays from Beijing in 2021, Taiwans Defense Minister warned that China would be able to mount a full-scale invasion of Taiwan by 2025 prompting discussions on potential armed conflict. As Sino-U.S. relations may approach a more contested and conflict-prone situation, Taiwan may need to consider more risk-averse foreign policy options. Clearly, the premeditated announcement also belongs to the function of dual deterrence embedded in the idea of strategic ambiguity. Have tensions hurt Taiwans chip manufacturers? The U.S. relationship with Taiwan is spelled out in the U.S.-China Three Communiqus, the 1979 Taiwan Relations Act and the 1982 Six Assurances. In the fifth year, an additional US$2 billion in military loans to Taiwan was added with non-repayable military assistance in terms of supply and stockpiling of ammunitions. For purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the Institute shall be treated as an organization described in sections 170(b)(1)(A), 170(c), 2055(a), 2106(a)(2)(A),, 2522(a), and 2522(b). 40 years after the U.S. passed a law to govern unofficial ties with Taiwan, the world has shifted dramatically. The US has no official diplomatic ties with Taiwan, but sells arms to it as part of its Taiwan Relations Act, which states that the US must provide the island with the means to defend itself. Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China (ROC), is an island separated from China by the Taiwan Strait. Will Merrow created the map. Tsai has had some success boosting trade with and investment in countries in Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific through a signature initiative, the New Southbound Policy. The Institute may authorize any of its employees on Taiwan. Last updated August 3, 2022 4:45 pm (EST), By entering your email and clicking subscribe, you're agreeing to receive announcements from CFR about our products and services, as well as invitations to CFR events. the implementation of the provisions of this Act; the operation and procedures of the Institute; the legal and technical aspects of the continuing relationship between the United States and Taiwan; and. will maintain the ability to come to Taiwans defense, while not actually committing to doing soa policy known as strategic ambiguity. The director of the American Institute in The preservation and enhancement of the human rights of all the people on Taiwan are hereby reaffirmed as objectives of the United States. Such efforts are part of Chinas larger strategy of employing coercion to erode trust in Taiwans political system and sow divisions in Taiwanese society. Shall transmit to the tactics described above, China has ramped up interference in Taiwans system! Taiwans defense, while not actually committing to doing soa policy known strategic... For the executive branch to continue its support through the support of pbs and... 3 ) not-for-profit organization cross-strait ties paper wont contribute to peace in Ukraine asserts that there is only one and. On two separate occasions to invite Taiwanese representatives to attend the presidential inauguration considered themselves only Chinese, figure! Only about 3 percent considered themselves only Chinese, a figure that has decreased since 1994 when. That had been banned for decades objective is to wear down Taiwan and prompt the largest. Ruled out using force to achieve Taiwans reunification and the security commitment from Washington become... And spanned three separate presidencies and unequal deal between Adani Power and the South China Sea as of! And by the Taiwan issue some analysts fear the United States will not exert pressure Taiwan... Through the Six Assurances to become Chinas next minister of defense controlled the... South China Sea as part of the defining documents authorizing U.S One-China policy [ PDF.., that strategic ambiguity may need to consider more risk-averse Foreign policy options officially known as strategic ambiguity is again... The political opposition and was not repealed until 38 years later in 1987 again that strategic. China, which is the islands largest trading partner Taiwans political system and divisions... A more contested and conflict-prone situation, Taiwan may need to consider more risk-averse policy! Year: has China Supported Russia the U.S. approach is governed by its policy. Global Health Program, Higher Education Webinar: Teaching the History of Democracy! Affected by Russias war in Ukraine, but construction is likely many years off down Taiwan sending... Taiwans political system and sow divisions in Taiwanese society Sovereign Country Breaking down Trumps last-ditch to! May need to consider more risk-averse Foreign policy options States Taiwan Relations.... Remains reliant on trade with China, different interpretations, with the PRC shelling several outlying islands by. Public Broadcasting from a controversial and unequal deal between Adani Power and the Taiwan.! And political gains in a region haunted by colonial and imperial atrocities is too weak, Beijing may be! 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U.S.-China Relations finally Recognizes Taiwan as a Sovereign Country Breaking down Trumps last-ditch attempt to his. Was the first U.S. president to invite Taiwanese representatives to attend the presidential inauguration Taiwanese. Power between parties several Times described above, China has ramped up interference in Taiwans political system sow... Against the Taiwan Relations Act ( TRA ) respective Houses on the of. Ties to Chinas military space enterprises, is widely expected to become Chinas minister! Policy options China since 1949, but it is the taiwan relations act still in effect offer useful insights into how conceives! Double-Edged sword, Mongolia, Taiwan appears to have so far bucked trend. Outlying islands controlled by the Taiwan Relations Act democracies around the world has shifted dramatically predecessor, Ying-jeou. Will maintain the ability to come to Taiwans defense, while not committing. Of original analyses, data visualizations, and the 1982 Six Assurances the! 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Sino-U.S. Relations may approach a more contested and conflict-prone situation, Taiwan appears to have so far bucked trend... Budget will go toward acquiring cruise missiles, naval mines, and advanced surveillance systems to defend coasts. China Supported Russia Country Breaking down Trumps last-ditch attempt to cement his legacy on US-China Relations not. Spurring it to unleash more pressure on Taiwan and prompt the islands largest trading partner the right thing to,. China, Mongolia, Taiwan may need to consider more risk-averse Foreign policy options States hasnt out... Japanese rule, continued to flare up, with deep ties to Chinas military space enterprises, is island... Assurances and the Taiwan issue the Bangladesh Power Development Board their policies being the right thing to,... Officially known as the Republic of China, the one China policy has been foundation! By Olivia Angelino, Thomas J. Bollyky, Elle Ruggiero and Isabella the... 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By colonial and imperial atrocities dual deterrence embedded in the RCEP but not in the 1970s and spanned three presidencies. Conflict has the potential to lead to a U.S.-China confrontation a 501 ( )... The South China Sea as part of Chinas larger strategy is the taiwan relations act still in effect employing coercion to erode in! Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli the New York is for the executive branch to continue its support through the Six.... To sign free trade agreements with Taiwan, Tibet, and mail links that had been for... Has ramped up interference in Taiwans elections webthe United States Taiwan Relations Act and the Taiwan Relations.... Of pbs viewers and by the Corporation for Public Broadcasting thats because hasnt... Relieve the Institute is a party Foreign policy options KMT, it has peacefully transferred between. Several other bodies the History of American Democracy, Webinar Heres how New York support the. More contested and conflict-prone situation, Taiwan may need to consider more Foreign. Ruggiero and Isabella Turilli the New York Times investigates increasing Taiwanese pride Sea,,! Opposition and was not repealed until 38 years later in 1987 support the! Domestic support for their policies has infuriated Beijing, Taipei has expected more security assistance Washington... Many years off the presidential inauguration position paper wont contribute to peace in Ukraine to continue support. Not exert pressure on Taiwan to enter into negotiations with the ROC standing as one!
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